张帆 Zhang Fan

张帆Zhang Fan（1922.9.24-2007.10.22），是中国电影史上在20世纪30年代成名的著名童星。她出生在上海，由于她天赋好，从小就喜欢歌唱和表演。　13岁那年，张帆本来是上学念书的岁数，可因为家境贫寒，被迫停学谋生。小小年纪能在社会上做什么，即使到商店也只能当一名薪水微薄的童工。没想到她赶上一个很好的机遇，当时由黎锦光、黎锦晖兄弟二人所创办的上海“明月歌剧社”正在招考，他们发现张帆有表演天才，竟然破格录取。 她庆幸自己找到一个施展才华的好天地。在剧社张帆勤奋练功，很快掌握了有关声乐方面的基本知识，而且懂得了科学发声原理以及嗓音训练的科学方法。到剧社没有多久，就受领任务登台表演了，她和黎明健（即郭沫若夫人于立群）同台演了三部歌剧，即《葡萄仙子》、《花生米》、《小小画家》（这部歌剧主要是讽刺陈旧迂腐的读经教育）。由于表演出色，一时轰动了大上海。上海中小学的歌迷们都记住了张帆的名字。后来“明月歌剧社”易名“大中华歌舞团”。张帆随团到香港地区以及新加坡、马来西亚、泰国、印尼、菲律宾、越南、柬埔寨等国家巡回演出，受到当地侨胞欢迎。至今新加坡等地的老歌迷还在唱张帆演唱过的歌曲。 　几年之后，张帆考入新华影业公司演员训练班，从歌坛进入到影坛。20世纪40年代初，该公司拍了一部以美国女作家奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》所改编的电影《四姐妹》。张帆在片中演老三，这部电影一放，一炮便打响，片中的四个女主角，享誉了上海影坛。接着该片导演李萍倩专为张帆写了一部故事片，名为《天外笙歌》。故事情节是：描写一个小孤女刻苦勤奋成为歌星的故事。张帆的演技在片中发挥得淋漓尽致。 从影几十年，张帆塑造无数个银幕、荧屏形象，在影视片《四姐妹》中饰主角三妹秀华，《天外笙歌》中饰女主角阿莲，《哭声泪痕》中饰女儿，《子夜歌》中饰女主角，《重负》中饰王大妈，《继母》中饰姥姥，《四世同堂》中饰马老寡妇等。其中《重负》中所饰的王大妈和《继母》中所饰的姥姥被提名第三届电视剧“飞天奖”优秀女配角候选人，《四世同堂》荣获第一届中国电影表演艺术学会学会奖。她生前是中国电影家协会会员，中国戏剧家协会会员。 张帆1938年开始灌录唱片，她的首张留声唱片便是在百代的副牌丽歌出版的《满场飞》。她曾灌录过约十几张个人留声唱片，都是1949年前的录音，分别由“百代”及“丽歌”厂牌出品，包括《臭虫歌》﹑《桃花朵朵红》﹑《我还有一线希望》﹑《朦胧月》﹑《苏堤春晓》﹑《贺新年》﹑《我要梦见你》﹑《我的心》﹑《荒野的花朵》﹑《水上鸳鸯》﹑《新月上草原》﹑《家乡》﹑《满场飞》﹑《夜里厢》﹑《暖昧的爱》﹑《村姑之恋》﹑《针线本相连》﹑《叹烟花》﹑《故乡曲》及《唯一爱的路》等。 　　解放期间，张帆从上海赶到南京，加入南京军区“前线话剧团”。上海解放后，张帆又连续在《情天劫》、《相思债》、《患难夫妻》、《悲天悯人》等影片中担任角色。1958年调进八一电影制片厂演员剧团。几十年来，上片多部，塑造中老年妇女角色80余个。先后参加过《江山多娇》、《怒潮》、《永不消逝的电波》、《秘密图纸》、《同甘共苦》等多部影视剧的拍摄。她演戏从来不挑角色，一直以甘当绿叶为乐。北影厂赶排电视剧《四世同堂》时，她饰演马老寡妇，导演说她比老北京还老北京。 　　八一厂拍《再生之地》，她在片中饰演日本战犯伊藤的夫人。她特地到抚顺战犯管理所旧址体验生活，经过一番努力，上镜时，她将战犯夫人那种唯唯诺诺的举止神态，演得细致入微、逼真。1987年她曾经荣获首届中国电影表演艺术学会奖。2001年年底，已是80岁的张帆接到新加坡“老歌俱乐部”邀请，作为嘉宾到那里和20世纪30年代老友相会，她们的演唱吸引了很多的歌迷，新加坡《新民日报》作为头条新闻刊登了演唱活动。 　　“文革”中，张帆被打成“黄色影女”关进“牛棚”，遭到无休无止的批斗。同时，她丈夫徐一亢（八一厂编剧）也因出身资本家，被押送甘肃劳动改造。他们夫妇俩和四个孩子的身心都受到极大的摧残。只因张帆有着豁达的胸怀，在生活逆境中达观知命，在十年动乱中硬是挺了过来。 Zhang Fan張帆 (1922.9.24-2007.10.22) is a famous child star in Chinese film history who became famous in the 1930s. She was born in Shanghai. Because of her talent, she loved singing and performing since she was a child. At the age of 13, Zhang Fan was originally old enough to go to school, but because of her poor family, she was forced to drop out of school to make a living. What can she do in society at a young age? Even if she go to a store, she can only work as a child laborer with a meager salary. Unexpectedly, she came across a good opportunity. At that time, the Shanghai "Ming Yue Opera Society" founded by the brothers Li Jinguang and Li Jinhui was recruiting students. They discovered that Zhang Fan had a talent for acting and made an exception for admission. She is grateful that she has found a good place to display her talents. Zhang Fan practiced diligently in the drama club and quickly mastered the basic knowledge of vocal music, and also understood the scientific principles of vocal production and scientific methods of voice training. Not long after arriving at the drama club, she was assigned to perform on stage. She and Liming Jian (Mrs. Guo Moruo Yu Liqun) performed in three operas on the same stage, namely "The Grape Fairy", "Peanuts", and "The Little Painter" (This opera mainly satirizes the outdated and pedantic Bible-reading education). Due to her outstanding performance, she became a sensation in Shanghai. Fans in Shanghai's primary and secondary schools all remember Zhang Fan's name. Later, "Ming Yue Opera Society" changed its name to "Greater China Song and Dance Ensemble". Zhang Fan accompanied the group to perform in Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia and other countries, and was welcomed by local overseas Chinese. To this day, old fans in Singapore and other places still sing songs sung by Zhang Fan. A few years later, Zhang Fan was admitted to the actor training class of Xinhua Film Company and entered the film industry from the music world. In the early 1940s, the company produced a movie "Four Sisters" adapted from the novel "Pride and Prejudice" by American female writer Austen. Zhang Fan plays the third child in the film. The film became an instant hit and the four heroines in the film became famous in the Shanghai film industry. Then the film's director Li Pingqian wrote a feature film specifically for Zhang Fan, called "Songs from Beyond the World." The plot of the story is: It describes the story of a little orphan girl who worked hard to become a singer. Zhang Fan's acting skills are fully demonstrated in the film. After decades of acting, Zhang Fan has created countless screen and screen images. She played the protagonist Xiuhua, the third sister, in the film "Four Sisters", the heroine Alian in "The Song of Heaven and Earth", the daughter in "Cries of Tears", and She played the heroine in "Midnight Song", Aunt Wang in "The Burden", Grandma in "Stepmother", Old Widow Ma in "Four Generations Under One House", etc. Among them, Aunt Wang played in "The Burden" and Grandma played in "Stepmother" were nominated as outstanding supporting actress candidates for the third TV series "Flying Award", and "Four Generations Under One Roof" won the first China Film Performing Arts Society Award. She was a member of the China Film Association and the Chinese Dramatists Association during her lifetime. Zhang Fan started recording records in 1938, and her first gramophone record was "Flying in the Field" published by EMI's sub-label Li Ge. She has recorded about a dozen personal gramophone records, all of which were recorded before 1949 and were produced by the EMI and Liguo labels, including "Bug Song", "Peach Blossoms Are Red", "There is still a glimmer of hope", "Hazy Moon", "Spring Dawn on Su Causeway", "Happy New Year", "I Want to Dream of You", "My Heart", "Flowers in the Wilderness", "Mandarin Ducks on the Water", "New Moon" "Up on the Grassland", "Hometown", "Flying Over the Field", "Night Car", "Warm and Ambiguous Love", "The Love of Village Girl", "Connected Needlebook", "Sighing Fireworks", "Hometown Song" and " The Only Way to Love" etc. During the liberation period, Zhang Fan rushed from Shanghai to Nanjing and joined the "Frontline Repertory Theater" of the Nanjing Military Region. After the liberation of Shanghai, Zhang Fan continued to play roles in ..... During the "Cultural Revolution", Zhang Fan was labeled as a "pornographic girl" and imprisoned in a "cowshed", where she was subjected to endless criticism. At the same time, her husband Xu Yikang (a screenwriter at Bayi Studio) was also sent to Gansu for reform through labor because he was a capitalist. The couple and their four children were both physically and mentally devastated. It's just because Zhang Fan has an open-minded mind and is optimistic about fate in the face of adversity in life, and she managed to survive the ten years of turmoil.